Amounts of litter fall in some pine forests in a European transect , in particular Scots pine
نویسندگان
چکیده
Pine litter fall data, mainly needle litter, were available for 64 plots in a transect from the Arctic Circle in Fennoscandia (41 plots) to southern Spain (22 further plots in continental Europe) and one in the American Midwest). Data originated from a total of eight pine species. Regressions were calculated mainly for needle litter fall and to some extent for total litter fall. We obtained a highly significant linear relationship for needle litter fall and latitude (R 2adj = 0.285; n = 58; P < 0.001) when using needle litter fall data from all pine species. Combining sites in the boreal and Atlantic climates gave an R2adj of 0.732 with n = 45 (P < 0.001). A multiple linear relationship using stand age, latitude and basal area was highly significant and gave an R2adj value of 0.412 (n = 54; P < 0.001). For the amount of Scots pine needle litter in Fennoscandia, the best simple linear relationships were obtained with site index (H 100) (R 2adj = 0.349), latitude (R 2adj= 0.331) and basal area (R 2adj = 0.324) as predictor variables, whereas the regressions on altitude and stand age were significant only with P < 0.01. An X2 function for stand age improved the relationship with age to R2adj = 0.243. Multiple regression relationships for Fennoscandia between needle litter fall and latitude plus basal area and that to latitude plus basal area plus age were highly significant (R 2adj = 0.605 and 0.661, respectively, with n = 41). In a stepwise procedure using data from the same sites, combinations of the factors latitude, site index, basal area and stand age could explain as much as 78 % of the needle litter fall. For total litter fall as measured by the same method as needle litter we related data from 32 sites to that of needle litter fall and obtained highly significant relationships indicating that needle litter fall may be used as an index for total litter fall. © 1999 Inra/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. litter fall / pine / Fennoscandia / Europe / stand age / site index / latitude / basal area Résumé Chute de litière dans quelques forêts de pins, en particulier du Pin sylvestre, le long d’un transect européen. Les données de chute de litière, essentiellement des chutes d’aiguilles, étaient disponibles pour 64 sites le long d’un transect depuis le cercle polaire en Scandinavie (41 sites) jusqu’au Sud de l’Espagne (22 sites supplémentaires en Europe continentale) et un site dans le mid* Correspondence and reprints ** Present address: Area de Ecologia, Dep. Recursos Naturales y Medio Ambiente, Univ. de Vigo, Apdo 874, 36200 Vigo, Spain ouest américain. Les données proviennent de huit espèces de Pin. Des régressions ont été calculées principalement pour la chute d’aiguilles et dans certains cas pour la chute totale de litière. Il existe une relation linéaire hautement significative entre la chute des aiguilles et la latitude (R 2adj = 0.285 ; n = 58; p < 0,001) lorsque l’ensemble des données pour toutes les espèces sont utilisées. La combinaisons des sites en climat boréal et atlantique donne un R2adj de 0.732 pour n = 45 (p < 0,001). Une relation linéaire multiple, utilisant l’âge du peuplement, la latitude et la surface terrière est hautement significative et donne un R2∼ de 0.412 (n = 54; p < 0.001). La meilleure relation linéaire, pour les retours d’aiguilles chez le Pin sylvestre en Scandinavie a été obtenue en utilisant comme variables prédictives l’indice de fertilité stationnelle « H 100 » (R 2adj = 0.349), la latitude (R adj = 0331), et la surface terrière (R 2adj = 0.324 ; alors que la régression sur les variables altitudes et âge des peuplements n’était significative seulement à p < 0,01. Une fonction X2 pour l’âge du peuplement améliore la relation avec l’âge, R2adj = 0,243. Les relations multiples entre la chute des aiguilles et la latitude associée à la surface terrière et celle associée à la surface terrière plus l’âge, pour les sites Scandinaves, sont hautement significatives (R 2adj= 0,605 et R2adj = 0,661, respectivement, avec n = 41 ). La procédure de régression progressive sur les données des mêmes sites, combinaisons des variables latitude, indice de fertilité, surface terrière et âge du peuplement permet d’expliquer 78 % de la variation de la chute des aiguilles. Des relations hautement significatives ont été calculées sur les données des retours totaux de litière, utilisant la même méthodologie sur 32 des sites. Elles démontrent que la quantité des chutes des seules aiguilles peut être utilisée comme indice pour la chute totale de la litière. © 1999 Inra/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. chute de litière / pin / Scandinavie / Europe / âge du peuplement / indice de fertilité / latitude / surface terrière
منابع مشابه
Study on Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii) as a Short Rotation Forestry in the North of Iran
Forests of Iran located on the Southern border of the Caspian Sea cover 1.9 million hectares. The Caspian forests are divided into four separate forestry areas. One of these being Guilan influx area with total area of 565000 hectares. About 30 to 40 percent of Guilan province forests are suitable to short rotation forestry for afforestation. Slash pine (Pinus elliottii) is one of the main exo...
متن کاملPine processionary caterpillar Thaumetopoea pityocampa as a new threat for relict Mediterranean Scots pine forests under climatic warming
The wide distribution of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Europe includes two relict populations in southern Spain (Sierra Nevada and Sierra de Baza), belonging to the subspecies nevadensis. These populations are isolated in high mountains, which tends to protect them from the attack of a severe defoliating Mediterranean pest, the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa. However, as ...
متن کاملDefoliating Insect Mass Outbreak Affects Soil N Fluxes and Tree N Nutrition in Scots Pine Forests
Biotic stress by mass outbreaks of defoliating pest insects does not only affect tree performance by reducing its photosynthetic capacity, but also changes N cycling in the soil of forest ecosystems. However, how insect induced defoliation affects soil N fluxes and, in turn, tree N nutrition is not well-studied. In the present study, we quantified N input and output fluxes via dry matter input,...
متن کاملDecomposition of beech (Fagus sylvatica) and pine (Pinus nigra) litter along an Alpine elevation gradient: Decay and nutrient release
Litter decomposition is an important process for cycling of nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate direct and indirect effects of climate on litter decomposition along an altitudinal gradient in a temperate Alpine region. Foliar litter of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Black pine (Pinus nigra) was incubated in litterbags during two years in the Ho...
متن کاملEvaluation of Nonlinear Height-Diameter Models of Two Important Species of Turkish Pine (Pinus brutia) and Mediterranean Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis), in the Planted Forests
Knowledge about the relationship between tree height (H) and diameter at breast height (D) is crucial for forest planning, monitoring, biomass estimation, and forest stands dynamics description. In this study, 20 different height-diameter models were evaluated to estimate accurately the height of the trees of Pinus brutia and Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis species in Arabdagh region (...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2007